The surname Rutherford is commonly believed to have Scottish origins, although it may also have English roots. The Clan Rutherford was once a powerful family in the Border Country, and they owned an estate known as The lands of Rutherford in Roxburgh. There are several different spellings of the name, including: Rutherford, Rutherfoord, Rutherforde, Rudderford, Riddiford, Ruddiford, Rotherforth, Ruddiforth, and possibly others yet to be discovered. The derivation comes from the Old English words "hryther" before the 7th century, meaning cattle, and "forda," a shallow river crossing.
Although the surname is primarily recorded in the Scottish borderlands, some modern name bearers may not have Scottish connections at all. In the Middle Ages, there was once a village called Ruddiford or something similar in North Yorkshire, as evidenced by surviving county church records. Early Scottish records include Huwe de Ruwerford, a witness to a land charter by Philip de Valoniis in 1215, while Nicolas de Rotherford witnessed a claim by Malcolm de Constabletun and Alicia, his wife, to a carucate of land to the church of Glasgow in 1260.
Records from early English church books include the baptism of Katherina Rutherfoorde on December 19, 1562, in Howden, Yorkshire; and the marriage of Robert Rutherford and Dorathi Bakster on April 12, 1629, at St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, City of London. Jane Rutherford, a 22-year-old Irish famine immigrant, sailed from Liverpool to New York aboard the ship "Cornelia" on January 26, 1846.
The first recorded spelling of the family name is that of Sir William de Rotherford, a witness to a charter by Henry de Grahame in 1200, during the reign of King William the Lion of Scotland, 1165 - 1214. Over the centuries, surnames have continued to "evolve" in each country, often leading to remarkable variations of the original spelling.
Scott, Sir Walter. "Border Hermitage." The Waverley Novels, vol. 3, Edinburgh: Cadell, 1821.
Black, George F. The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History. Birlinn, 2016.
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell. English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations. Genealogical Publishing Com, 1996.
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Meaning of Rutherford
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